There are two modes in which 5G networks are deployed. These are standalone or 5G SA mode and non-standalone or 5G NSA mode. Both refer to two different 5G deployment architectures and each has its different specific network configurations, capabilities, and limitations. Hence, from the perspective of end users, including smartphone consumers and users, knowing whether their device and network support either or both 5G SA and 5G NSA modes is important to ensure full maximization of existing or available 5G network infrastructure.
What is the Difference Between Standalone and Non-Standalone Modes in 5G Technology: Understanding 5G SA and 5G NSA Modes
1. 5G SA Deployment Architecture
Standalone 5G deployment architecture or 5G SA mode is a complete or full and native 5G network deployment that uses actual fifth-generation cellular network infrastructures to support all the advanced features and capabilities of 5G technology.
A particular 5G SA network operates with dedicated and independent 5G base stations. It has no need for 4G and LTE components. Take note that this network is compatible with devices with cellular radios that support 5G SA mode.
The main advantage of standalone 5G deployment is that it supports the full range of capabilities of 5G. These include ultra-low latency, higher capacity, and network slicing. It is also compatible with specific sub-6 GHz 5G and mmWave 5G standards.
A key disadvantage of this deployment architecture it requires substantial investments in building new network infrastructure. Hence, considering this, it tends to be more expensive and consumes more time than non-standalone deployment.
2. 5G NSA Deployment Architecture
Non-standalone 5G deployment architecture or 5G NSA mode utilizes existing 4G LTE cellular network infrastructure. It specifically involves adding 5G on top of 4G LTE infrastructure and uses 4G as an anchor for control signaling and data transmission.
A particular 5G NSA network operates dependent on an existing 4G LTE core for essential operations like user authentication and data transfer via higher frequencies. It also relies on 4G LTE base stations to manage control functions.
The key advantage of non-standalone 5G deployment is that it allows a relatively quicker and more cost-effective deployment of 5G. This makes it ideal for initial 5G rollouts. It is also flexible since it can support both sub-6 GHz 5G and mmWave 5G standards.
A notable disadvantage of this deployment architecture is that does not support the full features and capabilities of 5G technology. These include network slicing, ultra-low latency, advanced security protocols, and massive machine-type communication.
A Note on the Difference Between Standalone and Non-Standalone Deployment Architecture and Modes in 5G Technology
Standalone 5G deployment architecture or 5G SA mode represents a full and native deployment of 5G technology with all of its advanced features and capabilities. Non-standalone 5G deployment architecture or 5G NSA mode coincides with the initial and transitionary 5G rollout because it uses existing 4G and LTE infrastructure to deploy 5G technology.
Nevertheless, between 5G SA and 5G NSA, the former is a costlier deployment architecture but it provides faster and more reliable cellular network performance that translates to faster and better data transmission speed and lower network latency The latter is a more cost-effective solution to deploy 5G but its network performance is no on par with the former.
Both still support sub-6 GHz 5G and mmWave 5G standards. It is still important to note that not all mobile devices support both modes. This is especially true for older and budget-level devices that tend to only support 5G NSA mode. Not all areas also have both 5G SA and 5G NSA network infrastructures. This is true in some rural and suburban areas.