Intel rebranded its Intel HD Graphics line of integrated graphics processors in 2017 to Intel UHD Graphics to reflect the newer capability of supporting higher resolution. This has become part of the Intel Graphics Technology alongside better-performing integrated graphics processors like Intel Iris, Intel Iris Pro, Intel Iris Xe, and Intel Arc. Intel UHD Graphics is still found in several models of Intel Core and Intel Core Ultra, as well as in selected Intel Xeon processors like the Intel Xeon E and W Series. It remains the most basic integrated graphics solution from Intel for some entry-level and mid-range central processing units.
Selling Points: Key Features of Intel UHD Graphics
Intel UHD Graphics was first introduced in 2017 with the refreshed Kaby Lake or 8th generation of central processing units under the Intel Core product line. Take note that Intel previously used the Intel HD Graphics branding but renamed it to Intel UHD Graphics to reflect newer capabilities for its integrated graphics technology. The following are the features of Intel UHD Graphics:
4K Ultra HD Support: The rebranding specifically reflects the capabilities of integrated graphics processors under this product line to support 4K resolution at 60Hz. This makes them suitable for modern high-definition display screens. These graphics processors also have a dedicated hardware accelerator for 4K video playback.
Video Decoding and Encoding: Supported popular video codecs for hardware-accelerated decoding are H.264, HVEC or H.265, VP9, and AV1 to reduce central processing load during video playback. The graphics processors also support hardware-accelerated video encoding for improved video editing and video streaming performance.
High Dynamic Range: Another notable feature of Intel UHD Graphics is its high dynamic range or HDR support. This provides better color accuracy, higher contrast ratios, and more vivid visuals when connected to a capable display monitor for a more immersive viewing experience and realistic color and overall image representation.
Graphics APIs Support: The integrated graphics processors under this series also support popular graphics application programming interfaces or graphics APIs like DirectX 12 from Microsoft, OpenGL 4.5, and Vulkan. Either of the three APIs improves gaming performance and visual effects in supported video game titles.
Display Technologies: There is also support for extended monitors or multi-monitors in several models of Intel Core processors. The graphics processors also support the latest HDMI and DisplayPort standards like HDMI 2.0 and DisplayPort 1.4 for high-resolution outputs and high refresh rates without straining the main processor.
Specific Intel Technologies: Intel UHD Graphics processors come equipped with key Intel technologies. These include Quick Sync Video for faster video transcoding, Clear Video HD for enhanced video playback, and Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O for enabling the isolation of input-output devices in virtualized environments.
The Pros: Advantages of Intel UHD Graphics
Intel UHD Graphics processors are an excellent option for users looking to prioritize cost, power efficiency, and space savings in their computing needs. The following are the advantages:
1. Cost-Effective Graphics Solution
There is no need for average PC users to purchase a separate graphics processor in selected Intel Core processors. Intel UHD Graphics is integrated into the CPU. This reduces the overall cost of a computer system. The integrated graphics solution from Intel makes off-the-shelf desktop or laptop computers or bespoke computer systems more affordable.
Nevertheless, for users who primarily engage in tasks like web browsing, office applications, video playback, and light gaming, the integrated graphics from Intel provide sufficient performance without the need for additional hardware investment. Take note that this cost benefit is also part of the overall advantages of an integrated graphics processor.
2. Relatively Low Power Consumption
Intel designed its integrated graphics processors with efficient power consumption in mind. The fact that these are integrated into CPUs means that both processors share the same power envelope. Intel also developed a graphic architecture that is power efficient. This makes them consume less power compared to dedicated or discrete graphics processors.
The reduced power consumption translates to energy savings. Systems equipped with integrated graphics processors are both more environmentally friendly and cost-effective in the long term. This makes them an excellent choice for laptops and other portable devices where battery life is a priority or for desktop fleets in energy-constrained settings.
3. Simplified System Design
The integration within the CPU package saves space on the motherboard to allow for more compact and lightweight device designs. The fewer components on the motherboard also enable the implementation of simpler cooling solutions. This is beneficial for thin and lightweight laptops, mini desktop computers, and all-in-one desktop systems.
It is also worth noting that manufacturers can save on both cost and space by eliminating the need for a separate graphics processor or graphics card. This is particularly beneficial in budget-friendly devices where cost efficiency is key. The saved space can be used for other components like a larger battery, additional storage medium, or a better cooling system.
4. Decent Graphics Performance
The main advantage of Intel UHD Graphics is its improved performance over the previous Intel HD Graphics. The capabilities to support 4K or Ultra HD resolution, decoding and encoding of high-resolution video, extended monitor or multiple monitors, and high dynamic range make it a decent integrated graphics processor solution in average use cases.
Computers equipped with these integrated graphics processors from Intel can handle basic gaming and multimedia tasks like web browsing, video streaming, and light video editing. The support for the most popular video codecs and most common graphics APIs makes them suitable for handling or running tasks that require modern graphics processing.
The Cons: Disadvantages of Intel IHD Graphics
It is important to underscore the fact that Intel UHD Graphics falls short in areas that require high graphics processing performance. The following are its disadvantages and limitations:
1. Limited Graphical Performance
Intel UHD Graphics processors are not designed for modern AAA games. They struggle to deliver smooth performance in high-resolution settings or with demanding visual effects. Furthermore, even in older and less demanding games, these integrated graphics processors may only achieve playable frame rates at lower resolutions and settings.
These processors are also not suitable for professional creative work or high-performance workstations. Tasks like three-dimensional rendering, extensive video editing, and complex graphics design require more powerful graphics processors. They are also not suitable for running specialized software for tasks like complex simulation and data analytics.
2. Inferior Parallel Processing
Another disadvantage of Intel UHD Graphics is its inferior parallel processing performance. The fewer execution units limit its ability to handle parallel processing tasks efficiently. Examples of tasks that benefit from parallel processing are running multi-threaded apps, complex simulations, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence training.
Furthermore, unlike some discrete graphics processors that can be linked or connected together in multi-graphics processor configurations, integrated graphics processors under this product line do not support such. This limits its scalability and performance. A multi-GPU setup provides not only enhanced performance but also redundancy and flexibility.
3. Specific Capabilities Limitations
These graphics processors do not have dedicated video memory or VRAM and are reliant on the main system RAM. This limits overall graphics processing capabilities and can also result in performance bottlenecks in multi-threaded and multi-tasking scenarios in which both the CPU and GPU are demanding large amounts of memory simultaneously.
Overclocking is also limited by thermal constraints and power delivery. Support for ultra-wide resolutions or for refresh rates higher than 120Hz or 144Hz might be limited. Furthermore, unlike modern graphics processors, it lacks native artificial intelligence acceleration which can impede a lot of modern applications that involve artificial intelligence inference.
4. Alternative Graphics Processors
It is also important to highlight the fact that Intel has other integrated graphics solutions that are better and more modern. Intel UHD Graphics is more of an entry-level solution for basic personal computing. Intel Iris and Intel Iris Pro have been positioned as better options for users who are looking for a more capable graphics processing performance.
The more capable solutions from Intel are its Intel Iris Xe and Intel Arc product lines. The former is based on a more modern graphics architecture and has more execution units. They are found on mid-range to top-tier Intel Core processors. Intel Arc includes specific integrated graphics that are designed for selected processors under the Intel Core Ultra line.